脱壳弹弹托分离的双目视觉测量

脱壳弹的弹托分离过程对弹体的飞行稳定性和打击效能具有显著的影响。针对脱壳弹出膛后弹托相对弹体的六自由度运动过程,提出采用基于双目视觉原理的弹托分离角测量方法。通过在弹体表面和弹托表面设置标记点,采用图像处理和跟踪算法实现对标记点的识别和跟踪。结合双目空间标定参数解算出标记点的空间位置,进而获得弹托相对弹体的分离角度,同时采用实验验证了上述测量方法的精度,其精度达到2%。以实验室进行的初速度1 550 m/s和1 750 m/s的脱壳弹射击试验为例,测量并分析了不同初速度下的弹托分离轨迹。结果表明:脱壳弹分离初速度越快,弹托分离轨迹越靠近弹体。     

MEFP战斗部结构的正交优化设计

以多爆炸成型弹丸(MEFP)为计算模型,应用显式有限元程序LS-DYNA,分析了药型罩间距、锥角、壁厚、装药高度和装药直径5种因素对MEFP发散角的影响规律。结果表明:随着药型罩间距、壁厚和装药直径的增加以及药型罩锥角、装药高度的减小,MEFP的发散角在减小。在此基础上以MEFP发散角为命中和毁伤概率指标,应用正交优化方法针对5种结构因素对MEFP发散角的影响主次关系进行了分析研究。结果表明药型罩壁厚是MEFP战斗部命中和毁伤概率的主要影响因素,并得到了5种结构因素各水平的最优组合。     

舰炮制导炮弹技术风险评估

针对技术风险评价中信息的模糊性和不确定性,提出了舰炮制导炮弹技术风险的灰色聚类评价方法。首先将舰炮制导炮弹研制方案的关键技术进行分解,确定综合评价指标,得到各指标的属性值;然后按照综合评价要求划分灰类,建立白化权函数;最后结合权重采用灰色聚类综合评价方法获得各关键技术所属风险级别及研制方案的综合技术风险值。算例表明,灰色聚类评价方法可将技术风险评价中的模糊和不确定信息定量化处理,能够有效地对舰炮制导炮弹的技术风险进行评价。     

Partial penetration of annular grooved projectiles impacting ductile metal targets

Changing and optimizing the projectile nose shape is an important way to achieve specific ballistic performance. One special ballistic performance is the embedding effect, which can achieve a delayed high-explosive reaction on the target surface. This embedding effect includes a rebound phase that is significantly different from the traditional penetration process. To better study embedment behavior, this study proposed a novel nose shape called an annular grooved projectile and defined its interaction process with the ductile metal plate as partial penetration. Specifically, we conducted a series of low-velocity-ballistic tests in which these steel projectiles were used to strike 16-mm-thick target plates made with 2024-O aluminum alloy. We observed the dynamic evolution characteristics of this aluminum alloy near the impact craters and analyzed these characteristics by corresponding cross-sectional views and numerical simulations. The results indicated that the penetration resistance had a brief decrease that was influenced by its groove structure, but then it increased significantly-that is, the fluctuation of penetration resistance was affected by the irregular nose shape. Moreover, we visualized the distribution of the material in the groove and its inflow process through the rheology lines in microscopic tests and the highlighted mesh lines in simulations. The combination of these phenomena revealed the embed-ment mechanism of the annular grooved projectile and optimized the design of the groove shape to achieve a more firm embedment performance. The embedment was achieved primarily by the target material filled in the groove structure. Therefore, preventing the shear failure that occurred on the filling material was key to achieving this embedding effect.     

Experimental investigation on enhanced damage to fuel tanks by reactive projectiles impact

Enhanced damage to the full-filled fuel tank,impacted by the cold pressed and sintered PTFE/AL/W reactive material projectile(RMP)with a density of 7.8 g/cm3,is investigated experimentally and theoretically.The fuel tank is a rectangular structure,welded by six pieces of 2024 aluminum plate with a thickness of 6 mm,and filled with RP-3 aviation kerosene.Experimental results show that the kerosene is ignited by the RMP impact at a velocity above 1062 m/s,and a novel interior ignition phenomenon which is closely related to the rupture effect of the fuel tank is observed.However,the traditional steel projectile with the same mass and dimension requires a velocity up to 1649 m/s to ignite the kerosene.Based on the experimental results,the radial pressure field is considered to be the main reason for the shear failure of weld.For mechanism considerations,the chemical energy released by the RMP enhances the hydrodynamic ram(HRAM)effect and provides additional ignition sources inside the fuel tank,thereby enhancing both rupture and ignition effects.Moreover,to further understand the enhanced ignition effect of RMP,the reactive debris temperature inside the kerosene is analyzed theoretically.The initiated reactive debris with high temperature provides effective interior ignition sources to ignite the kerosene,resulting in the enhanced ignition of the kerosene.     

子母弹首发命中概率

提出了子母弹命中目标的定义,研究了子母弹射击误差的组成、母弹误差和子弹误差的概率分布,射击误差的转换及转换条件,建立了子母弹首发命中概率模型并推导出4种不同条件下子母弹首发命中概率公式,并导出了首发命中概率所满足关系。以算例分析了子母弹的母弹误差、子母的散布误差及目标幅员对子母弹首发命中概率的影响,结论为子母弹射击精度战术技术指标的分析论证及子母弹的射击法则研究提供了基础。     

滑翔增程炮弹弹道仿真与优化设计

根据滑翔增程炮弹的空气动力特性和飞行弹道特性,通过对滑翔弹道的理论分析,采用控制鸭舵技术,实现炮弹的增程。经过仿真优化可以得到最佳初始射角、助推发动机的最佳点火时间及作用时间、鸭舵的最佳展开时间以及控制系统进行飞行姿态控制所需的最佳摆动角曲线,理想情况下最优滑翔控制模型可使射程达到不进行滑翔控制时射程的1.5-2倍,所得结果对滑翔弹丸的气动力设计及控制系统设计具有一定的参考价值。     

火药脉冲助推器控制在舰载火箭弹中的应用

建立了采用火药脉冲助推器控制的简易制导火箭弹的弹道模型 ,进行了数字仿真 .理论研究和数字仿真结果表明 ,采用火药脉冲助推器控制可以有效地提高火箭弹的命中精度 ,它对实际弹道修正的效果与其冲量大小、数目、作用起始时刻、作用方位角、作用时间间隔等因素有关     

线阵CCD在弹丸飞行姿态测量中的应用

提出应用线阵CCD技术测量飞行弹丸攻角 ,建立了测量飞行弹丸攻角的计算方法。实际测量结果表明应用单个线阵CCD可以测量飞行弹丸的一个攻角分量。对测量误差进行了分析 ,发现线阵CCD的采样频率对测量误差的影响较大     

脉冲修正弹控制参数粒子群优化算法

针对脉冲修正弹自身控制离散不连续特征,开展脉冲修正弹脉冲控制参数优化设计方法研究。考虑到脉冲成本和精度的双重要求,选择以脉冲发动机工作次数和脱靶量最少为双目标的函数。在风干扰条件下,提出以脉冲控制时间间隔为离散脉冲控制参数设计变量建立优化模型,以此发展一种改进型递减惯性权重粒子群优化脉冲控制参数的方法,提高修正参数优化收敛速度。仿真结果表明:该算法能快速有效地获得最优解,为在干扰条件下寻找最优的脉冲修正参数和脉冲工作方式提供一种优化设计思路。